The Complete Guide to “Kureru” vs. “Ageru” in Japanese

The Complete Guide to “Kureru” vs. “Ageru” in Japanese

Introduction

The giving/receiving verbs “kureru” (くれる) and “ageru” (あげる) are essential yet challenging parts of Japanese grammar. This guide will clearly explain their differences with practical examples.

Core Meanings

❶ “Kureru” (くれる)

→ Used when the speaker (or speaker’s in-group) receives a benefit

Example:
“Kare ga watashi ni benkyou o oshiete kureta”
(He taught me studying → I received the benefit)

Key Points:

  • The receiver must be “me” or “my family/close friends”
  • Implies gratitude from the speaker
  • Use “kudasaru” for superiors (honorific form)

❷ “Ageru” (あげる)

→ Used when the speaker (or in-group) gives a benefit to others

Example:
“Kare ga kanojo no imouto ni benkyou o oshiete ageta”
(He taught his little sister studying → she received the benefit)

Key Points:

  • The receiver is “someone else”
  • Implies kindness from the giver
  • Use “sashiageru” for superiors (humble form)

Usage Rules

① Perspective Matters

  • “Kureru”: Speaker’s perspective (I receive)
  • “Ageru”: Giver’s perspective (others receive)

② Relationship Chart

ExpressionReceiverExample
KureruMe/my group“Sensei ga watashi ni advice o kureta”
AgeruOthers“Watashi wa tomodachi ni present o ageta”

③ Only for Positive Actions

× “Kare wa watashi ni violence o kureta”
(Only used for positive actions)

Advanced Patterns

1. Family Context

“Haha ga otouto ni okashi o kureta”
(Treat family as “my group”)

2. Third-Party Context

“Tanaka-san wa Sato-san ni hana o ageta souda”
(Actions between unrelated parties)

3. Honorific Forms

  • Respectful “kureru” → “kudasaru”
    “Shachou ga shiryou o kudasaimashita”
  • Humble “ageru” → “sashiageru”
    “Watashi wa shachou ni houkokusho o sashiagemashita”

Common Mistakes

❌ “Watashi wa kare ni hon o kureta”
→ Correct: “Kare ga watashi ni hon o kureta”
(“Kureru” always has others as subject)

❌ “Sensei ga gakusei ni setsumei o ageta”
→ Correct: “Sensei ga gakusei ni setsumei o shite ageta”
(“Ageru” needs verb connection)

Summary Table

ExpressionDirectionEmotionProper Usage
KureruOthers → MeGratitudeWhen I/my group receives
AgeruMe → OthersKindnessWhen others receive

Practice Questions

  1. “Ane ga watashi ni sweater o _” (kureru/ageru)
  2. “Watashi wa sobo ni tegami o _” (kureru/ageru)
  3. “Buchou ga torihikisaki ni setsumei o _” (kudasatta/sashiageta)

(Answers: 1. kureru 2. ageru 3. sashiageta)

Final Tips

  • Remember the “direction” of the action
  • “Kureru” shows thankfulness
  • “Ageru” shows your generosity
  • Practice with real-life scenarios!

日语中“くれる”与“あげる”的完全使用指南

前言

日语中的授受动词”くれる”和”あげる”是许多学习者容易混淆的语法点。本文将清晰解析这两个动词的区别及使用场景。

基本含义

❶ “くれる”的用法

→ 当说话者(或自己人)受益时使用

例句:
「彼が私に勉強を教えてくれた」
(他教我学习 → 我获得了帮助)

特点:

  • 行为接受者必须是”我”或”我的家人/朋友”
  • 包含感谢的情感
  • 对上级用”くださる”(敬语)

❷ “あげる”的用法

→ 当说话者(或自己人)给予他人帮助时使用

例句:
「彼が彼の妹に勉強を教えてあげた」
(他教妹妹学习 → 妹妹获得了帮助)

特点:

  • 行为接受者是”他人”
  • 包含善意的情感
  • 对上级用”さしあげる”(谦逊语)

使用区分要点

① 视角是关键

  • “くれる”:说话者视角(我接受)
  • “あげる”:行为者视角(他人接受)

② 人际关系对照表

表达接受者使用例
くれる自己方「老师给我建议」
あげる他人「我给朋友礼物」

③ 仅用于积极行为

×「他给我施加暴力」
(只适用于正面行为

进阶用法

1. 涉及家人的情况

「妈妈给弟弟点心」
(家人视为”自己人”)

2. 第三方之间的行为

「听说田中先生给佐藤小姐送了花」
(与说话者无关的第三方行为)

3. 敬语形式

  • “くれる”的尊敬语 → “くださる”
    「社长给了我资料」
  • “あげる”的谦逊语 → “さしあげる”
    「我向社长提交了报告书」

常见错误

❌「我给他书」误用”くれる”
→ 正确应为「他给我书」
(”くれる”的主语必须是他人)

❌「老师给学生讲解」误用”あげる”
→ 正确应为「老师给学生讲解」
(”あげる”需要与动词连接使用)

总结对照表

表达方向性情感适用对象
くれる他人→自己感谢自己方接受时
あげる自己→他人善意他人接受时

练习题

  1. 「姐姐给我毛衣」该用哪个词?
  2. 「我给奶奶写信」该用哪个词?
  3. 「部长向客户说明」该用哪个敬语形式?

(答案:1. くれる 2. あげる 3. さしあげた)

学习建议

  • 牢记行为的”方向性”
  • “くれる”表达感谢之情
  • “あげる”表达善意之举
  • 建议通过实际场景练习掌握!

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